« Previous
Next »
Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics
Volume 25, Issue 1
, Pages 1-11
, March 2009
State of the art and challenges of time-of-flight PET
References
- . Instrumentation trends in nuclear medicine. Semin Nucl Med. 1977;7:285–297
- . Time-of-flight positron emission tomography: status relative to conventional PET. J Nucl Med. 1983;24:73–78
- . Feasibility of time-of-flight reconstruction in positron emission tomography. J Nucl Med. 1980;21:1095–1097
- The LETI Positron tomograph architecture and time of flight improvements. Proceeding of the Workshop on Time-of-Flight tomography. IEEE Publication: Washington University; 1982;p. 25-29
- . A technique for the correction of scattered radiation in a PET system using Time-of-Flight information. J. Comput Assist Tomogr. 1986;10(2):287–295
- Super PETT I: a positron emission tomograph utilizing photon time-of-flight information. Trans Med Imaging. 1982;1:179–186
- . Experimental assessment of the gain achieved by the utilization of time-of-flight information in a positron emission tomograph (Super PETT I). IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1982;1:187–192
- . Image improvement and design optimization of the Time-of-Flight PET. J Nucl Med. 1983;24:52–60
- Performance characteristics of the University of Texas TOFPET-I PET camera. J Nucl Med. 1984;25:46–47
- . Image reconstruction and noise evaluation in photon time-of-flight assisted positron emission tomography. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1981;28:4582–4588
- Time-of-flight positron imaging and the resolution improvement by an iterative method. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1989;36:998–1002
- . Performance measurements of the SP3000/UW time-of-flight positron emission tomograph. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1988;35(1):665–669
- . Potential advantages of a cesium fluoride scintillator for a time of flight positron camera. J Nucl Med. 1980;21:153–155
- Barium fluoride—Inorganic scintillator for subnanosecond timing. Nucl Inst Methods. 1983;206:169–176
- . High resolution time-of-flight positron emission tomograph. Rev Sci Instr. 1990;61(12):3755–3762
- New developments in positron emission tomography instrumentation using the time-of-flight information. In: Gretz T editors. The metabolism of the human brain studied with positron emission tomography. New York: Raven Press; 1985;p. 1–11
- . Time-of-flight PET. Semin Nucl Med. 1998;28(3):268–275
- . Luminescence of Bi4Ge3O12—spectral and decay properties. J Appl Phys. 1973;44:5495–5499
- . Cerium-doped lutetium orthosilicate: a fast, efficient new scintillator. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1992;39:502–505
- The ECAT HRRT: Performance and first clinical application of the new high resolution research tomograph. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2002;49(1):104–110
- . NEMA NU2-2001 guided performance evaluation of four Siemens ECAT PET scanners. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2004;51(5):2662–2669
- . Prospects for time-of-flight PET using LSO scintillator. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1999;46(3):783–788
- Conti M, Bendriem B, Casey M, Chen M, Kehren F, Michel C, et al. Implementation of time-of-flight on CPS HiRez PET scanner. 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Rome, Italy, October 16–22, 2004.
- First experimental results of Time-Of-Flight reconstruction on an LSO PET scanner. Phys Med Biol. 2005;50:4507–4526
- . High-energy-resolution scintillator: Ce3+ activated LaBr3. Appl Phys Lett. 2005;79:1573–1573
- . Investigation of lanthanum scintillators for 3-D PET. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2003;50(3):348–354
- Karp JS, Kuhn A, Perkins AE, Surti S, Werner ME, Daube-Witherspoon ME, et al. Characterization of a time-of-flight PET scanner based on lanthanum bromide. 2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Puerto Rico, October 23–29, 2005.
- Kyba CCM, Wiener RI, Newcomer FM, Van Berg R, Dressnandt N, Karp JS. Timing measurements from a TOF-PET scanner using local PMT triggering. IEEE 2007 Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Honolulu, Hawaii, October 27–November 3, 2007.
- . Performance of Philips Gemini TF PET/CT scanner with special consideration for its time-of-flight imaging capabilities. J Nucl Med. 2007;48(3):471–480
- Conti M, Townsend DW, Casey ME, Lois C, Jacoby BW, Long MJ, et al. Assessment of the clinical potential of a time-of-flight PET/CT scanner. 2008 SNM Annual Meeting Proceedings, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 14–18, 2008.
- . Time of flight in PET revisited. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2003;50(5):1325–1330
- . Positron emission tomography. Phys Med Biol. 2006;51:R117–R137
- . An experimental evaluation of the effect of time-of-flight information in image reconstruction for the Scanditronix/PETT electronics SP-3000 positron emission tomograph - preliminary results. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1989;36:1095–1099
- . A mathematical model for positron emission tomography systems having time-of-flight measurements. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1981;28(3):3575–3583
- . Measuring PET scanner sensitivity: relating count rates to image signal-to-noise ratios using noise equivalent counts. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1990;37(2):783–788
- . Effect of random reduction on signal-to-noise-ratio in TOF PET. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2006;53(3):1188–1193
- . Timing performance of Hi-Rez detector for time-of-flight (TOF) PET. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2006;53(3):1184–1189
- . Factors influencing timing resolution in a commercial LSO PET camera. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2006;53(1):78–85
- Szczesniak T, Moszynski M, Swiderski L, Nassalski A, Lavoute P, Kapusta M. Fast photomultipliers for TOF PET. IEEE 2007 Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Honolulu, Hawaii, October 27–November 3, 2007.
- . Time resolution of photomultiplier systems. Rev Sci Instr. 1965;36(3):193–196
- . Status of timing with plastic scintillation detectors. Nucl Instr Methods. 1979;158:1–31
- . A further study of timing with LSO on XP20D0 for TOF PET. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2007;54(5):1464–1473
- Comparative study of scintillators for PET/CT detectors. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2007;54(1):3–10
- Effects of Ce Concentration on scintillation properties of LaBr3:Ce. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2005;52(5):1805–1808
- . A new timing model for calculating the intrinsic timing resolution of a scintillator detector. Phys Med Biol. 2007;52:1103–1117
- . Light output and energy resolution of Ce3+-doped scintillators. Nucl Instr Methods A. 2002;486:208–213
- Non-proportionality and thermoluminescence of LSO:Ce. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2005;52(4):1098–1104
- Prelude420 Data Sheet, Saint-Gobain Crystals; 2007.
- High efficiency of lutetium silicate scintillators, Ce-doped LPS, and LYSO crystals. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2004;51(3):1084–1087
- . New inorganic scintillation materials development for medical imaging. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2002;49(4):1651–1654
- Properties of the new LuAP:Ce scintillator. Nucl Instr Methods A. 1997;385:123–131
- . Comparison of LuYAP, LSO, BGO as scintillators for high resolution PET detectors. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2003;50(5):1370–1372
- Development of scintillator materials for PET scanners. Nucl Instr Methods A. 2007;571:122–125
- . Photo- and radioluminescence of Pr-doped Lu3Al5O12 single crystal. Phys Stat Sol A. 2005;202(1):R4–R6
- . Growth and luminescence properties of Pr-doped Lu3(Ga,Al)5O12 single crystals. Jpn J Appl Phys. 2007;46:3514–3517
- Kamada K, Tsutsumi K, Usuki Y, Yanagida T, Sato M, Ogino H, et al. Scintillation properties of 2-inch-diameter Pr:Lu3Al5O12 single crystal. IEEE 2007 Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Hunolulu, Hawaii, October 27–November 3, 2007.
- Pr:LuAG data sheet, Furukawa Co. Ltd., http://www.furukawakk.co.jp, 2007.
- Conti M, Eriksson L, Rothfuss H, Melcher C. Comparing fast scintillators with TOF PET potentiality. 2008 Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications, Berkeley, California, USA, June 2–5, 2008, to be published in IEEE Trans Nucl Sci, 2009.
- . Scintillation properties of LaCl3:Ce3+ crystals: fast, efficient, and high-energy resolution scintillators. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2001;48(3):341–345
- Brillance 350 Data Sheet, Saint-Gobain Crystals, http://www.detectors.saint-gobain.com/, 2007.
- . LaBr3:Ce scintillators for gamma-ray spectroscopy. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2003;50(6):2410–2413
- Brillance 380 Data Sheet, Saint-Gobain Crystals, http://www.detectors.saint-gobain.com/, 2007.
- LuI3:Ce—a new scintillator for gamma ray spectroscopy. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2004;51(5):2302–2305
- . Scintillation properties of LuI3:Ce. Nucl Instr Methods A. 2005;537:279–281
- . Scintillation properties of LuI3:Ce3+-high light yield scintillators. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2005;52(4):1114–1118
- . Optical properties and luminescence quenching of LuI3:Ce3+. J Luminesc. 2006;118:308–316
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Reference data table for X-ray interactions, http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/.
- . Maximum likelihood reconstruction for emission tomography. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1982;1:113–122
- . Image reconstruction from list-mode data in an emission tomography system having time-of-flight measurements. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1983;20:1843–1849
- . Image improvements in positron-emission tomography due to measuring differential time-of-flight and using maximum-likelihood estimation. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1990;37:737–742
- Wang W, Hu Z, Gualtieri EE, Parma MJ, Walsh ES, Sebok D, et al. Systematic and distributed time-of-flight list mode PET reconstruction. 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record, San Diego, California, October 29–November 4, 2006.
- Watson CC. An improved kernel for analytical Time-of-Flight PET reconstruction. 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record, Honolulu, Hawaii, October 27–November 3, 2007.
- Watson CC. Signal-to-noise ratio equalized filtered back-projection for emission tomography. 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record, Honolulu, Hawaii, October 27–November 3, 2007.
- Popescu LM. Iterative image reconstruction using geometrically ordered subsets with listmode data. 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record, Rome, Italy, October 16–22, 2004.
- Popescu LM, Lewitt R. Raytracing through a grid of blobs. 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record, Rome, Italy, October 16–22, 2004.
- Groiselle CJ, Glick SJ. 3D PET list-mode iterative reconstruction using time-of-flight information. 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record, Rome, Italy, October 16–22, 2004.
- . Exact and approximate rebinning methods for time-of-flight PET. Phys Med Biol. 2005;50:2749–2763
- . Fast reconstruction of 3D time-of-flight PET data by axial rebinning and transverse mashing. Phys Med Biol. 2006;51:1603–1621
- . Extension of single scatter simulation to scatter correction of time-of-flight PET. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2007;54(5):1679–1686
- Werner ME, Surti S, Karp JS. Implementation and evaluation of a 3D PET single scatter simulation with TOF modeling. 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record, San Diego, California, October 29–November 4, 2006.
- Iatrou M, Manjeshwar RM, Stearns CW. Comparison of two 3D implementations of TOF scatter estimation in 3D PET. 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record, Honolulu, Hawaii, October 27–November 3, 2007.
- . Investigation of time-of-flight benefit for fully 3-D PET. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2006;25(5):529–538
- . Benefit of time-of-flight in PET: experimental and clinical results. J Nucl Med. 2008;49(3):462–470
- Surti S, Karp JS. Design considerations for a limited-angle, dedicated breast, TOF PET scanner. 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record, Honolulu, Hawaii, October 27–November 3, 2007.
- Shakirin G, Crespo P, Braess H, Enghardt W. Influence of the time of flight information on the reconstruction of in-beam PET data. 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging ConferenceRecord, Honolulu, Hawaii, October 27–November 3, 2007.
PII: S1120-1797(08)00097-5
doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2008.10.001
© 2008 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Physica Medica: European Journal of Medical Physics
Volume 25, Issue 1
, Pages 1-11
, March 2009
